Exploration of the inhibitory mechanisms of trans-polydatin/resveratrol on α-glucosidase by multi-spectroscopic analysis, in silico docking and molecular dynamics simulation.

Plant-derived phenolics as natural α-glucosidase (α-GLU) inhibitors have attached great attention in the treatment of type-II diabetes mellitus currently. In this study, trans-polydatin and its aglycone resveratrol were found to show a notable inhibitory activity on α-GLU in a mixed-type manner with IC50 values of 18.07 and 16.73 µg/mL, respectively, which were further stronger than anti-diabetic drug acrabose (IC50 = 179.86 µg/mL). Multi-spectroscopic analysis results indicated that polydatin/resveratrol bound to α-GLU with one affinity binding site which was mainly driven by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces, and this binding process resulted in conformational alteration of α-GLU. In silico docking study showed that polydatin/resveratrol can well interact with the surrounding amino acid residues in the active cavity of α-GLU. Molecular dynamics simulation further clarified the structure and characterization of α-GLU-polydatin/resveratrol complexes. This study might supply a theoretical basis for the designing of novel functional foods with polydatin/resveratrol.

Multiplex polymerase spiral reaction for simultaneous detection of Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus.

Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) are common food-borne pahogens that cause food poisoning in humans. In this study, we developed a method for the simultaneous determination of S. typhimurium and S. aureus based on multiplex polymerase spiral reaction (m-PSR) and melting curve analysis. Two pairs of primers were designed specifically to target the conserved invA gene of S. typhimurium and nuc gene of S. aureus, and the nucleic acid amplification reaction was achieved under isothermal conditions in the same reaction tube for 40 min at 61 °C, melting curve analysis of the amplification product was carried out. The distinct mean melting temperature allowed simultaneous differentiation of the two target bacteria in the m-PSR assay. The limit of detection of S. typhimurium and S. aureus that could be detected simultaneously was 4.1 × 10-4 ng genomic DNA and 2 × 101 CFU/mL pure bacterial culture. Based on this method, analysis of artificially contaminated samples showed excellent sensitivity and specificity consistent with those of pure bacterial cultures. This method is rapid, simultaneous and promises to be a useful tool for the detection of food-borne pathogens in the food industry.

Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk fruit phenolic-rich extract mitigates intestinal barrier dysfunction and inflammation in mice.

In this study, the mitigative effect of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk fruit extract rich in phenolic compounds (RTE) on high fat diet (HFD)-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction of mice and the underlying mechanism were explored. The results revealed that RTE supplementation obviously improved gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by HFD, which was evidenced by elevated alpha diversity, suppressed Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, enriched short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria (Odoribacter, Parabacteroides, Blautia and Akkermansia), and depleted harmful bacteria (Helicobacter, norank_f_ Desulfovibrionaceae and Mucispirillum). RTE intervention mitigated intestinal barrier dysfunction and inflammation by elevating tight junction proteins expression levels and decreasing proinflammatory cytokines levels. Furthermore, RTE administration inhibited the HFD-induced trigger of the lipopolysaccharide-toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor kappa-B (LPS-TLR4-NF-κB) pathway in colonic tissue. Therefore, RTE supplementation may be an effective way to protect the intestinal tract in HFD-induced obese individuals.

The effect of sonication-synergistic natural deep eutectic solvents on extraction yield, structural and physicochemical properties of pectins extracted from mango peels.

In this study, eco-friendly deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were used as extracting agents for the first time in the extraction of pectins from mango peel. Two novel green solvents including betaine-citric acid (Bet-CA) and choline chloride-malic acid (ChCl-MaA) were screened, and the extraction conditions were further optimized by full factor design experimental along with RSM. In addition, ultrasound treatment also had an influence on extraction yield, structural and physicochemical properties of extracted pectins. Two DES-extracted pectins had significantly higher yield, larger molecular weight and particles size than HCl-extracted pectin. High intensity ultrasound power enhanced the yield of low-ester pectins, but decreased the molecular weight and particles size of the pectins extracted. Monosaccharide compositions analysis showed that higher content of galacturonic acid (GalA) and larger HG region were observed in two DESs-extracted pectins. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) of all pectins extracted were similar, with slight differences. Two DESs-extracted pectins exhibited higher DE values than HCl-extracted pectin. Thermal analysis and zeta potential results showed that HCl-extracted pectin had better stability than ChCl-MaA-extracted pectin. Additionally, HCl-extracted pectin had higher viscosity properties than two DESs-extracted pectins or commercial pectin (CP). Moreover, it was found that HCl-extracted pectin was in a colloid state, while two DESs-extracted pectins or CP were in a flow state. Ultrasound treatment significantly improved the yields of pectin/low-ester pectin. Additionally, ultrasound treatment remarkably decreased the viscosity and viscoelastic properties of the pectins extracted. The results were conducive to our understanding of the relationship between extraction conditions and physicochemical properties of the pectins extracted, which provides theoretical basis for the functional application of mango peel pectins in the food and pharmaceutical industry.

Social-biological influences on sleep duration among adult residents of Northeastern China.

BACKGROUND: Cold climates traditionally have conferred long sleep duration in the residents in northeast China; however, modern lifestyle reduces sleep duration. In this study, we investigated social-biological factors influencing sleep duration in the adult residents in northeast China. METHODS: This study was performed using data from the Investigation of Chronic Disease Morbidity Rate and Risk Factors of Adults in Jilin Province, China. Associations between sleep duration and indices of demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, and disease history in adult residents were analyzed using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The mean sleep duration was 7.24 h. Of the 21,435 participants, approximately 53.4% had short sleep duration (sleep duration per day < 7 h), and 10.5% had long sleep duration (sleep duration per day > 9 h). There were associations between short sleep duration and indices, including age, place of residence, marital status, educational level, alcohol drinking, dietary, obesity, and history of coronary heart disease (CHD) or myocardial infarction (MI). There existed associations of long sleep duration with indices, such as age, place of residence, occupation, educational level, average monthly earnings, and physical exercise. CONCLUSION: Short sleep duration is common among residents in northeast China. Age, place of residence, and educational level are implicated in both short sleep duration and long sleep duration. Short sleep duration inclines to link with the indices (marital status, alcohol drinking, dietary, obesity, and history of CHD or MI). However, long sleep duration is relevant to the indices (occupation, average monthly earnings, and physical exercise).

Preparation and identification of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins against human enterovirus 71 for diagnosis of hand-foot-and-mouth disease.

Human enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the major pathogens that causes hand-foot-and mouth disease, and there is an urgent need for rapid diagnosis of EV71 virus infection for early antiviral treatment. The aim of this study was to prepare chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin Y (IgY) for the diagnosis of enterovirus type 71 infection. The antibodies were raised by intramuscular immunization of laying hens with inactivated human EV71 and isolated from the egg yolk by multiple steps of polyethylene glycol 6000 extraction. The average concentration of IgY antibody was 26.60 mg/mL during the whole immunization. After the first immunization, the IgY titer gradually increased, and reached the peak on the 55th days. Meanwhile, the use of western blotting test demonstrated that specific IgY binds specifically to capsid proteins VP2 and VP3 of EV71 virus. Furthermore, a facile one-step method based on turn-on fluorescence sensing was developed by using IgY antibodies, which can detect EV71 virus at low concentrations of 104 PFU/mL and was 94.44% coincidence with RT-PCR in 30 clinical samples. These findings indicate that EV71-IgY antibodies are an easily prepared and rich source of antibodies that offers a potential alternative strategy for routine screening of EV71 infection.

[Analysis of dyslipidemia among patients with diabetes mellitus in Jilin Province communities].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pattern of dyslipidemia in patients with diabetes mellitus in Jilin province communities, and to provide a theoretical basis for the management of dyslipidemia among patients with diabetes. METHOD: Based on the prevalence and risk factors of chronic diseases survey among adults in Jilin Province 2012 used multistage stratified random sampling design, a total of 1825 community residents aged 18 -79 years-old with diabetes mellitus in 9 districts of Jilin Province undergo the survey with questionnaire(age, gender, history of chronic disease in the past one year), blood index detection (blood glucose, total cholesterol high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides), and anthropometric (height and weight). RESULT: Among 1825 patients with diabetes, 883 males (48.4%), 942 females (51. 6%); the mean age was (55.73 + 10. 27) years old. The mean values of TG,TC,LDL-C and HDL-C were 2. 17,5.17,3.10 and 1.20 mmol/L,the mean values of TC,LDL-C and HDL-C of female were higher than male(P <0. 001). The prevalence of dyslipidenmia. was 66.9% (69.0% in, male and 65.0% in female). The prevalence of dyslipidemia in male was decreased with increasing age(P <0. 001) , the prevalence of dyslipidemia in female was increased with age (P <0. 001). In age groups of 18- , 35 - and 45 - years, the prevalence of dyslipidemia in male was higher than female (P <0. 05,P <0. 001 ,P <0. 001)', however, it was lower than female in 55 - and 65 - 79 years old grouips (P < 0.: 05). The prevalence of dyslipidemia of overweight '(71. 8%) and obesity (75. 8%) was higher than normal subjects. Among patients with diabetes, 19. 2% had high total cholesterol, 47. 8% had high triglyceride, 14. 5% had high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 29. 2% had low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The proportion of diabetic patients two serum lipid values outside of clinical target were 27. 1% , the most prevalent dyslipidemia pattern among diabetic patients was a combination of TG above goal with HDL-C below target, which was observed in 17. 4 % of the patients. The second most common pattern of dyslipidemia was isolated TG increase, which was observed in 15, 9% of the patients. CONCLUSION: The mean values of TG,TC, LDL-C and HDL-C among community residents with diabetes mellitus in Jilin province were higher than the general population. The prevalence of dyslipidemia in male aged 18 -54 years, female aged 55 years and above and overweight or obesity was high; the most prevalent dyslipidemia pattern among diabetic patients was a combination of TG above goal with HDL_C below target.

[Investigation on rates of awareness, treatment and control of diabetes mellitus and the influence factors in rural areas of Jilin province].

OBJECTIVE: Assess the rates of awareness, treatment and control of diabetes mellitus and the influence factors in rural areas of Jilin province. METHODS: Multistage stratified random cluster sampling design was used to select participants that carried out with questionnaire interview and physical examination. The analysis was based on a representative sample of 923 diabetes mellitus. Multiple logistic regressions were used to examine socio-demographic factors associated with the levels of awareness, treatment and control of diabetes. RESULTS: Diabetes awareness, treatment, control and control among treated were 68. 9% ,57. 7% ,23. 9% and 41. 5% , respectively in rural area of Jilin province. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the main effect factors on the rates of awareness were gender, family history of diabetes, smoke, drink and exercise. The rates of treatment were associated with age, occupation, family history of diabetes, drink and exercise, and the rates of control were associated gender. CONCLUSIONS: The rates of awareness, treatment and control of diabetes mellitus were expected to be improved in rural areas of Jilin province. The effective preventive strategies which concentrate on the influence factors should be taken to control their blood glucose level.